Bare infinitive: модальные, let/make + obj + V

Bare infinitive**: после модальных и с **let/make + object + V

Что такое bare infinitive

Bare infinitive = инфинитив без to: go, see, do (не to go). В ряде конструкций английский требует именно V1 без to.

После модальных глаголов — всегда без to

can, could, may, might, must, should, shall, will, would → modal + V1

• You must finish this today.
• We should leave now.
• She can speak French.
• I will call you later.

Отрицание/вопрос: модальный + not/inversion + V1

• You must not be late. / Should we start?

Исключения-соседи (тоже часто «модальные по смыслу»):

• had better + V1: You ’d better take an umbrella.
• would rather + V1: I ’d rather stay home.
• ought to — c to! (не bare): You ought to study more.

let / make + object + V1 (каузатив)

Схема: let/make + кого-то (object) + V1 (без to)

• They let me leave early. (= разрешили)
• They made us wait outside. (= заставили)

Отрицание/вопрос: как обычно с do/does/did

• They didn’t let us enter.
• Did they make you redo it?

В пассиве — у make появляется to

• We were made to wait outside. ( to wait)
• He was made to apologize.

let в пассиве заменяют на be allowed to: We were allowed to leave early. (а не were let leave)

Типичные ловушки

1. modal + to V → modal + V1

• She can to drive* → She can drive.

2. let/make + to V → let/make + V1

• They made us to wait* → They made us wait.

3. Пассив с make: to обязателен

• We were made wait* → We were made to wait.

4. Разрешение в пассиве: be allowed to (не be let) We were allowed to use dictionaries.

Мини-набор контрастов

• They let me go ↔ I was allowed to go (passive-пара).
• They made her rewrite the essay ↔ She was made to rewrite the essay.
• He must finish now (modal + V1) ↔ He ought to finish now (с to, не bare).

Быстрый чек-лист

• Модальный? → V1 без to.
• let/make + object? → дальше V1 без to.
• Пассив от make? → be made to + V.
• «Разрешили» в пассиве? → be allowed to + V.

Ещё 8 коротких примеров

• You might be right.
• We could try later.
• I would rather stay here.
• You ’d better hurry.
• Don’t make me laugh.
• They let the kids play outside.
• The team was made to train harder.
• Guests are allowed to use the gym.