Коллокациялар (strong tea, heavy rain)

Коллокациялар (типтүү сөз айкаштары): strong tea, heavy rain ж.б.

Коллокация — тилде «бирге айтылып көнүп калган» сөз айкашы. Грамматика туура болсо да, айрым айкаштар табигый угулбайт: powerful rain эмес → heavy rain; hard tea эмес → strong tea.

Негизги түрлөрү

1. Сын + зат (Adj + N):

• heavy rain, strong tea/coffee, fast car, quick shower, high temperature, deep sleep, tight schedule, strong wind, soft music.

2. Этиш + зат (V + N):

• make a mistake/decision/noise/progress/effort
• do homework/research/business/exercise
• have breakfast/a rest/a look/a meeting
• take a photo/a break/notes/a seat/action
• give advice/a speech/a call/permission
• pay attention/a visit/a fine.

3. Зат + зат (N + N):

• traffic jam, climate change, data analysis, language skills, job interview.

4. Үсте + сын (Adv + Adj):

• highly likely/unlikely/recommended
• deeply concerned/grateful/moved
• strongly disagree/support
• perfectly clear/right.

5. Этиш + предлог (V + prep):

• depend on, belong to, apologize for, focus on, suffer from.

Эсте калтыр: make/do/have/take/give/pay — де-лексикалдык этиштер; маанини жанындагы зат сөз берет.

Эмнеге heavy rain, strong tea?

• heavy rain/snow/traffic — «көп/тыгыз/катуу көлөм» мааниси.
• strong tea/coffee/wind — «кубаттуу даам/таасир/кубат».
• quick shower/meal — «тез, кыска убакыт».

Демек, сын атооч тандоосу — мааниге көнүп калган топтом.

Көбүрөөк кеңири тизмек (экзам фокуска ылайык)

A) Adj + N

• strong tea/coffee/argument/interest
• heavy rain/snow/traffic/workload
• high risk/price/quality/pressure
• deep sleep/breath/knowledge
• tight schedule/budget/deadline
• wide range/choice/experience
• strong possibility/feeling
• soft voice/music/light
• hard work/decision (бирок hard rain).

B) V + N (де-лексикалдык)

• make: a decision, a mistake, an effort, progress, a plan, money
• do: homework, research, business, housework, a task, a favor
• have: breakfast, a rest, a try, a chat, a meeting, an idea
• take: notes, a break, a risk, a photo, responsibility, place
• give: advice, a speech, a hand, a call, feedback, permission
• pay: attention, a visit, a fine, respect.

C) N + N

• customer service, energy consumption, time management, health care.

D) Adv + Adj

• highly effective/qualified/probable
• bitterly disappointed/cold
• perfectly normal/clear
• utterly impossible/ridiculous.

Типтүү каталар → туурасы

• powerful rain → heavy rain
• strong snow → heavy snow
• hard tea → strong tea
• do a decision → make a decision
• make homework → do homework
• take a photo to him → take a photo of him
• pay attention on → pay attention to

Ыкчам эрежелер

• Weather/жол айкындары: heavy rain/snow/traffic, strong wind.
• Иш/окуу: do homework/research, make progress/effort.
• Күнүмдүк аракет: take a break/notes, have a rest/meal, give advice.
• Сапат күчөтүү: highly likely, deeply concerned, strongly recommend.

Мини-тренажёр (жооптор төмөндө)

A. Туурасын танда:

1. We had (heavy/powerful) rain last night.
2. She (made/did) a big mistake.
3. Please (pay/give) attention (to/for) the rules.
4. I need a (quick/fast) shower.
5. He (took/had) notes during the lecture.
6. This is a (strong/hard) argument.
7. They (did/made) good progress this week.
8. The (traffic jam/traffic block) was terrible.
9. He gave me (an advice/some advice).
10. The wind is (strong/heavy) today.

Болжолдуу жооп: 1) heavy 2) made 3) pay … to 4) quick 5) took 6) strong 7) made 8) traffic jam 9) some advice 10) strong

Эсте сактоо лайфхактары

• Weather & жол: heavy; drink/даам/таасир: strong.
• Чечим/ката/прогресс — make; окуу/үй жумуш — do; тыныгуу/сүрөткө алуу — take; кеңеш/кайрылуу — give; pay attention to.